Wednesday, February 6, 2019

Case Study #20519 - No Production Pace and Occasional Contact with Others

A case on remand from the federal courts that results in a favorable decision.  I want the ALJ to adopt the prior residual functional capacity. The ALJ thinks that the RFC will result and benefits as of age 55. I think that it results and no jobs for a younger individual or an individual closely approaching advanced age. Here is the residual functional capacity:
5. After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds that the claimant has the residual functional capacity to perform light work as defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b) and 416.967(b); except, she would be able to lift and carry 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds frequently, she would have no limitations in sitting, standing and/or walking. However, she could not work around unprotected heights or dangerous moving machinery. She would be unable to perform any climbing of ladders, ropes or scaffolds, and she must avoid sun, so she would be unable to perform any outdoor work activities. Lastly, she would be limited to unskilled, simple, repetitive tasks with no high production quotas or rapid assembly line work, and only occasional contact with coworkers and little or no contact with the public.
My primary concerns turn on unskilled, simple, repetitive tasks, no high production quotas, no rapid assembly line work, occasional contact with coworkers and little or no contact with the public. The theory of the case is simple: the absence of production quotas or assembly line work precludes work in the manufacturing sector; the preclusion to more than occasional contact with coworkers precludes clerical function; the limitation to little or no contact with the public eliminates service occupations. My question to the vocational expert consisted of reading the RFC assessment. The vocational expert responded, "no jobs."

The ALJ doesn't believe it. The ALJ does not ask the vocational expert for an explanation but turns to me and asks for an explanation.  I gave him my theory of the case. The ALJ asks about cleaner work. My response is simple, cleaners are part time jobs and therefore not presumptively substantial gainful activity. The ALJ turns to the vocational expert and asks for an explanation about cleaner jobs.

The vocational expert admits to having recently conducted a labor market survey and job analysis confirming that cleaners in hotels and motels (1) work with teams of other cleaners, and (2) have high production quotas between 11:00 AM and 3:00 PM to get all the rooms on two floors of a hotel or motel cleaned so that the establishment can rent them out again. The ALJ asked about office cleaners. The vocational expert responded that those are janitors and generally medium.

We can verify the absence of light cleaner jobs that fit the hypothetical question.

37-2012.00 - Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

Series ID: ORUP1000062300000662
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: % of maids and housekeeping cleaners; strength is light work
Requirement: Physical Demands
Occupation: maids and housekeeping cleaners
Estimate: strength is light work
YearPeriodEstimate
2017Annual23.1

37-2012.00 - Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

Interpersonal Relationships%Response
Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
59
Constant contact with others
35
Contact with others most of the time
2
Contact with others about half the time
3
Occasional contact with others
2
No contact with others
Interpersonal Relationships%Response
Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
37
Extremely important
24
Very important
18
Important
20
Fairly important
1
Not important at all
Structural Job Characteristics
%
Response
Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.
4
More than 40 hours
35
40 hours
60
Less than 40 hours

Within the context of maids and housekeeping cleaners, less than a quarter require light exertion; only 5% have occasional and no contact with others; only 1% do not work with a group or team as an important job function; and 40% work full time. The data confirms the vocational expert's testimony.

A quick check of janitors confirms the vocational testimony.

37-2011.00 - Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

Series ID: ORUP1000062200000662
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: % of janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners; strength is light work
Requirement: Physical Demands
Occupation: janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners
Estimate: strength is light work
YearPeriodEstimate
2017Annual10.9


37-2011.00 - Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

Interpersonal Relationships%Response
Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
32
Constant contact with others
39
Contact with others most of the time
6
Contact with others about half the time
21
Occasional contact with others
1
No contact with others
Interpersonal Relationships%Response
Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
34
Extremely important
41
Very important
16
Important
4
Fairly important
6
Not important at all
Structural Job Characteristics
%
Response
Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.
1
More than 40 hours
64
40 hours
35
Less than 40 hours

The data finds that janitors have a much smaller incidence of light exertion; have more jobs with occasional or less contact with others; still have the vast majority working with a group or team; and the majority working full-time hours. The vocational experts a synthesis that the scope of the hypothetical question would preclude janitors and cleaners is reasonable. 

Occu Collect has a free summary DOC/SCO report just for signing up.


Saturday, February 2, 2019

List of DOT Codes in SOC 41-0211, Cashiers

We examined cashiers today.  This is a list of the DOT codes within SOC 41-2011:

DOTCode
DOTTitle
STRENGTH
SVP
GEDR
211.367-010
PAYMASTER OF PURSES
S
6
4
211.462-010
CASHIER II
L
2
3
211.462-014
CASHIER-CHECKER
L
3
3
211.462-018
CASHIER-WRAPPER
L
3
3
211.462-026
CHECK CASHIER
S
3
3
211.462-030
DRIVERS'-CASH CLERK
L
3
3
211.462-034
TELLER
L
3
3
211.462-038
TOLL COLLECTOR
L
2
3
211.467-010
CASHIER, COURTESY BOOTH
L
4
3
211.467-014
MONEY COUNTER
L
3
3
211.467-018
PARIMUTUEL-TICKET CASHIER
L
2
3
211.467-022
PARIMUTUEL-TICKET SELLER
L
2
3
211.467-026
SHEET WRITER
L
2
3
211.467-030
TICKET SELLER
L
2
3
211.482-010
CASHIER, TUBE ROOM
S
3
3
211.482-014
FOOD CHECKER
S
3
3
249.467-010
INFORMATION CLERK-CASHIER
L
5
3
294.567-010
AUCTION CLERK
S
3
2

Cashiers -- Unskilled, Full-Time, by Exertion

Cashiers are a "go to" for vocational experts.  We all know that cashiers exist in the economy; we actually see them everyday in our daily lives.  We examine the existence of this occupation as a target for other work in the disability context.


CASHIER II

211.462-010
DOT: 211.462-010 CASHIER II (clerical) alternate titles: cash clerk; cashier, general; cashier, office; ticket clerk Receives cash from customers or employees in payment for goods or services and records amounts received: Recomputes or computes bill, itemized lists, and tickets showing amount due, using adding machine or cash register. Makes change, cashes checks, and issues receipts or tickets to customers. Records amounts received and prepares reports of transactions. Reads and records totals shown on cash register tape and verifies against cash on hand. May be required to know value and features of items for which money is received. ay give cash refunds or issue credit memorandums to customers for returned merchandise. May operate ticket-dispensing machine. ay operate cash register with peripheral electronic data processing equipment by passing individual price coded items across electronic scanner to record price, compile printed list, and display cost of customer purchase, tax, and rebates on monitor screen. May sell candy, cigarettes, gum, and gift certificates, and issue trading stamps. May be designated according to nature of establishment as Cafeteria Cashier (hotel & rest.); Cashier, Parking Lot (automotive ser.); Dining-Room Cashier (hotel & rest.); Service-Bar Cashier (hotel & rest.); Store Cashier (clerical); or according to type of account as Cashier, Credit (clerical); Cashier, Payments Received (clerical). May press numeric keys of computer corresponding to gasoline pump to reset meter on pump and to record amount of sale and be designated Cashier, Self-Service Gasoline (automotive ser.). May receive money, make change, and cash checks for sales personnel on same floor and be designated Floor Cashier (clerical). May make change for patrons at places of amusement other than gambling establishments and be designated Change-Booth Cashier (amuse. & rec.).
GOE: 07.03.01 STRENGTH: L GED: R3 M2 L2 SVP: 2 DLU: 81DOT-O*NET 
Crosswalk: https://www.onetonline.org/crosswalk/DOT?s=211.462-010&g=GO

The full list of DOT codes within Cashiers, SOC 41-2011 is here. 

Occu Collect has a free summary DOC/SCO report just for signing up.

The Occupational Outlook Handbook confirms commonsense, that there are a lot of cashiers.

 

41-2011 - Cashiers

Typical Entry-Level Education
No formal educational credential
Work experience in a related occupation
None
On the job training
Short-term on-the-job training
Number of jobs, 2016
3,555,500

But the number of jobs doesn ot mean that all of them are substantial gainful activity. The O*NET OnLine describes the results of statistical research into the number of jobs that are full-time or more.

 

41-2011.00 - Cashiers

Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.
49
Less Than 40 Hours
28
40 Hours
24
More Than 40 Hours
We are just getting started and have cut the occupational base for SGA purposes almost in half. The Occupational Requirements Survey is the next stop to assess skill level.


Series ID: ORUV1000066700000064
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: % of cashiers; svp is short demonstration only
Requirement: Education, Training, And Experience
Occupation: cashiers
Estimate: svp is short demonstration only
Year     Period     Estimate
2017     Annual   6.3
https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUV1000066700000064

Series ID: ORUV1000066700000065
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: % of cashiers; svp is beyond short demonstration, up to & including 1 month
Requirement: Education, Training, And Experience
Occupation: cashiers
Estimate: svp is beyond short demonstration, up to & including 1 month
Year     Period      Estimate
2017     Annual    82.8

https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUV1000066700000065

Most of the jobs are unskilled, 89.1% of the jobs are unskilled.  We continue the analysis of exertion.  

Series ID: ORUP1000066700000662
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: % of cashiers; strength is light work
Requirement: Physical Demands
Occupation: cashiers
Estimate: strength is light work
Year     Period      Estimate
2017     Annual    20.8

https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000066700000662

Series ID: ORUP1000066700000663
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: % of cashiers; strength is medium work
Requirement: Physical Demands
Occupation: cashiers
Estimate: strength is medium work
Year     Period      Estimate
2017    Annual     70
https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000066700000663

Series ID: ORUP1000066700000664
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: % of cashiers; strength is heavy work
Requirement: Physical Demands
Occupation: cashiers
Estimate: strength is heavy work
Year     Period      Estimate
2017    Annual     8.4
https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000066700000664

The vast majority of cashiers engage in medium or heavy exertion.  This includes grocery checkers lifting cases of beverages and dog food.  As to those jobs, the DOT is inaccurate.  

Series ID: ORUP1000066700000137
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: cashiers; hours of sitting (90th percentile)
Requirement: Physical Demands
Occupation: cashiers
Estimate: hours of sitting (90th percentile)
Year     Period      Estimate
2017     Annual    0.8
https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000066700000137

Cashiers do not sit two hours per day, not even at the 90th percentile.  

Series ID: ORUP1000066700000139
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: % of cashiers; sitting vs. standing/walking at will is allowed
Requirement: Physical Demands
Occupation: cashiers
Estimate: sitting vs. standing/walking at will is allowed
Year     Period      Estimate
2017     Annual    5.6
https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000066700000139

A small percentage of cashiers have the sit-stand option, 5.6%.  Cashiers stand/walk four hours per day at the 10th percentile and 4.27 hours per day at the 25th percentile.  We recall that almost half of the jobs are part-time and therefore look to the percentage of the day of standing/walking:

Series ID: ORUP1000066700001004
Not seasonally adjusted
Series Title: cashiers; % of day standing/walking is required (10th percentile)
Requirement: Physical Demands
Occupation: cashiers
Estimate: % of day standing/walking is required (10th percentile)
Year     Period      Estimate
2017     Annual    87.5
https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000066700001004

All other percentiles require more standing/walking as measured as a percentage of the day.  We are ready to run the numbers to illustrate the number of full-time, unskilled jobs requiring light, medium, and heavy exertion with a side illustration of the sit-stand option and a limitation to six hours of standing/walking in a day:

Cashiers
No. of Jobs
% Full-Time
# Full-Time
3,555,500
52%
1,848,860
# Full-Time
% Unskilled
# Unskilled
1,848,860
89.10%
1,647,334
# Unskilled
% Light
# Light
1,647,334
20.80%
342,646
# Light
% SSO
# SSO
342,646
5.60%
19,188
# SSO
% ≤ 6 hours S/W
# ≤ 6 hours S/W
19,188
0.00%
0
# Unskilled
% Medium
# Medium
1,647,334
70.00%
1,153,134
# Medium
% SSO
# SSO
1,153,134
5.60%
64,576
# SSO
% ≤ 6 hours S/W
# ≤ 6 hours S/W
64,576
0.00%
0
# Unskilled
% Heavy
# Heavy
1,647,334
8.40%
138,376
# Heavy
% SSO
# SSO
138,376
5.60%
7,749
# SSO
% ≤ 6 hours S/W
# ≤ 6 hours S/W
7,749
0.00%
0

The next time a vocational expert offers cashier II as an example of light work, ask for the data source for full-time, skill level, and exertion.  Neither the Occupational Employment Quarterly nor Job Browser Pro uses BLS data to determine the percentages of jobs that are unskilled or by exertion particularly the breakdown of the amount of sitting/standing/walking in an eight-hour day.  OccuCollect's Sitting, Standing, Walking Report puts the O*NET and ORS data in one place to erase this occupation from consideration.  OccuCollect's Lifting & Carrying Report establishes the strength requirements of the occupational group.  Both reports carry the SVP data and the part-time vs. full-time breakdown from the O*NET.