Job Browser Pro 1.7 -- the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

I installed Job Browser Pro, ver. 1.7, yesterday and took it out for a test drive.  If anyone represents claimants and listen to vocational experts testify, then JBP is a mandatory part of the representative's library, period.  Vocational experts will cite to it, rely on it, and the ALJ corps will accept it.  If the representative wins one case every 20 years because the representative owns and uses JBP, the program pays for itself.

1.  JBP Methodology

JBP uses the matrix approach found in the Occupational Employment Statistics and the Employment Projections published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.  Occupations exist in industries.  The DOT recognizes this with the parenthetical industry designation that is party of every occupational description.  According to the DOT, the industry designation is an integral part of every description.  When a vocational expert identifies an occupation and then uses the entire occupational group number for that occupation (and it isn't one of occupations that is the sole inhabitant of that group), the vocational expert ignores and conflicts with the industry designation contained in the DOT, usually without an explanation.  More about the methodology in the Bad section.

2. The Good

Users can no longer add and delete industries.  Vocational experts dissatisfied with the low job numbers reported could and would add industries.  This was a particular problem in prior versions of JBP because the vocational experts would add inappropriate industries or add industries where JBP had already listed the two, three, four, or five digit designation resulting in double or triple counting.

 JBP has added the CBP button to the occupation-industry matrix inside of the box.  County Business Patterns is a matter of administrative notice by regulation, listed second after the DOT.  The link sends uses to a SkillTran page for that industry.  The web page lists the total number of establishments in the industry (sector (two-digit), sub-sector (three-digits), industry group (four-digits), or industry (five- and six-digits)), number of employees, and other statistical data that we do not use.

Jeff Truthan tells me that if the user looks up all the DOT codes within a group and count all the reported job numbers, user will get roughly the number of jobs reported within the OES group.  Critics will no longer be able to complain that JBP has under-counted the number of jobs.

3.  The Bad

JBP continues to use equal distribution  to distribute the number of jobs at the occupation-industry intersection.  When I looked up production workers, all other (SOC 51-9199) at the intersection with animal food manufacturing (NAICS 311100), I found that JBP lists five occupations, each representing 20% of the total jobs, four requiring no skills, and one semi-skilled occupation.  All of them are light.  We know from the Occupational Requirements Survey that most of the production worker jobs are medium and 45% are semi-skilled or skilled.  The equal distribution methodology is not good statistics at the occupational group level and is not good statistics at the occupation-industry intersection level.

While JBP continues to allow users to see the list of DOT codes at the occupation-industry intersection, it still does not permit users to print out the Estimated National Distribution of DOT Employment of that occupation-industry intersection.  This has left me with the tedious chore of taking a screen shot of that popup and if the screen lists more than 13 DOT codes, multiple screen shots.

4. The Ugly

Some of the industry choices are just wrong.  I looked up the oft-cited small products assembler I (DOT 706.584-022) to check.  SPA work on assembly lines to mass product small products.  That is the DOT narrative.  Because the occupation exists in more than four DOT industries, it carries the designation of "any industry."  But that does not mean every industry, it means more than four.

JBP lists eight industry groups within the food manufacturing sub-sector and 22 other industries that have nothing to do with the functions to "mass produce small products, such as ball bearings, automobile door locking units, speedometers, condensers, distributors, ignition coils, drafting table subassemblies, or carburetors."

I checked lens inserter (DOT 713.587-026).  JBP lists this occupation in the jewelry and silverware manufacturing industry.  The DOT puts lens inserter in the optical goods industry.  JBP puts the other 19 production worker occupations that are designated in the optical goods industry into medical equipment and supplies manufacturing, which contains the ophthalmic goods manufacturing industry (with some of the 20 adding to that list).  I understand why JBP puts lens inserter in clearly the wrong industry -- it is the only DOT code assigned.

The production workers that do carry the jewelry and silverware industry designation in the DOT have no industries assigned by JBP.  Stringer (DOT 509.587-018) is "N/A."  Stamper (DOT 734.685-010) in the button and notions industry is given the other miscellaneous manufacturing industry designation.  The problem is that jewelry and silverware is part of other miscellaneous manufacturing, resulting in double counting or over-estimating the number of jobs across DOT codes.

The occupation-industry intersection approach to job number estimates is still valuable for finding those occupations that have rare characteristics -- reasoning level 1, occasional use of the hands, etc. -- but JBP still has holes.  This creates opportunities for the representative to dampen the number of jobs through a reliable methodology, don't double count or explain why the assembler of small products is making dog food.  Proper cross-examination will require that vocational experts come to the hearing with the occupation report from JBP and allow the representative to see it, or the ALJ will have to accept the report from the representative post-hearing.

The job of the representative just got easier and harder at the same time.

Parking Lot Attendants -- Sit-Stand Option?

Some variation of light unskilled work with limitations on standing/walking and even a sit-stand option (SSO) will frequently get a vocational expert to identify parking-lot attendant. The free DOT-SOC/O*NET Crosswalk from www.occucollect.com lists three DOT codes in the group:

53-6021.00-Parking Lot Attendants

DOT Code	DOT Title	SVP	Strength
915.473-010	PARKING-LOT ATTENDANT	2	L
915.583-010	LOT ATTENDANT	3	L
915.667-014	PARKING LOT SIGNALER	2	L

The list of DOT codes suggests that all the jobs are light, but that is not true.  The DOT lists typical performance, not maximum performance.  SSR 00-4p is wrong and does not survive application of Kisor v. Wilkie.  The quest involves proof of the strength and skill requirements.

The Occupational Requirements Survey reports:

Series ID: ORUP1000065A00000233

Not seasonally adjusted

Series Title: parking lot attendants; pounds maximum weight lifted/carried, mean

Requirement: Physical Demands

Occupation: Parking Lot Attendants

Estimate: pounds maximum weight lifted/carried, mean

Year	Period	Estimate
2018	Annual	21.94

https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000065A00000233

Series ID: ORUP1000065A00000235

Not seasonally adjusted

Series Title: parking lot attendants; pounds maximum weight lifted/carried (25th percentile)

Requirement: Physical Demands

Occupation: Parking Lot Attendants

Estimate: pounds maximum weight lifted/carried (25th percentile)

Year	Period	Estimate
2018	Annual	7.46

https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000065A00000235

Series ID: ORUP1000065A00000237

Not seasonally adjusted

Series Title: parking lot attendants; pounds maximum weight lifted/carried (75th percentile)

Requirement: Physical Demands

Occupation: Parking Lot Attendants

Estimate: pounds maximum weight lifted/carried (75th percentile)

Year	Period	Estimate
2018	Annual	34.57

https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000065A00000237

Series ID: ORUP1000065A00000238

Not seasonally adjusted

Series Title: parking lot attendants; pounds maximum weight lifted/carried (90th percentile)

Requirement: Physical Demands

Occupation: Parking Lot Attendants

Estimate: pounds maximum weight lifted/carried (90th percentile)

Year	Period	Estimate
2018	Annual	44.11

https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000065A00000238

The mean suggests that the average parking lot attendant requires medium exertion because the worker lifts/carries more than the maximum of light work, 20 pounds.  We also can find that most of the jobs are indeed unskilled.  

Series ID: ORUV1000065A00000065

Not seasonally adjusted

Series Title: % of parking lot attendants; svp is beyond short demonstration, up to & including 1 month

Requirement: Education, Training, And Experience

Occupation: Parking Lot Attendants

Estimate: svp is beyond short demonstration, up to & including 1 month

Year	Period	Estimate
2018	Annual	84.3

https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUV1000065A00000065

And there, the ORS runs cold.  To determine the availability of light work, we must resort to the O*NET OnLine.

53-6021.00 - Parking Lot Attendants

Exertional	%	Response
Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?	18	Continually or almost continually
	9	More than half the time
	42	About half the time
	24	Less than half the time
	7	Never
Exertional	%	Response
Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?	9	Continually or almost continually
	19	More than half the time
	45	About half the time
	25	Less than half the time
	2	Never
Exertional	%	Response
Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?	54	Continually or almost continually
	13	More than half the time
	6	About half the time
	18	Less than half the time
	8	Never
Structural Job Characteristics	%	Response
Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.	1	More than 40 hours
	80	40 hours
	19	Less than 40 hours

The majority of parking lot attendants walk/run all day long.  Potential for an SSO exists only in those jobs that permit sitting continually or almost continually.  That is how labor defines the SSO. Because of the lifting, some of those jobs might be sedentary.  Now we turn to the number of jobs reported by the Occupational Outlook Handbook:

53-6021 - Parking lot attendants

Typical Education Needed	No formal educational credential
Work Experience in a Related Occupation	None
Typical On-The-Job Training Needed to Attain Competency	Short-term on-the-job training
2018 Employment	150,700

We erode the 150,700 jobs by the number that are unskilled, 84.3% of the jobs, and get 126,588.  The O*NET reports that 81% are full-time, lowering that number to 102,536.  We now apply the percentage of jobs that are reported as sitting continually or almost continually in an eight-hour day, 18%, and get 18,456.  

The 18,456 number of jobs includes both sedentary and light jobs.  Without better data, further exploration of that division is not possible.  We can point to the broad description of Transportation and Material Moving Occupations (53-0000.00):

Series ID: ORUP1000048P00000661

Not seasonally adjusted

Series Title: % of workers in transportation and material moving occupations; strength is sedentary

Requirement: Physical Demands

Occupation: Transportation and Material Moving Occupations

Estimate: strength is sedentary

Year	Period	Estimate
2018	Annual	11.2

https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/ORUP1000048P00000661

The proposition that some or most of the sit down parking lot jobs is sustainable.  Of course, the question is whether the vocational expert has a reliable methodology that beats cold application of statistics.